SAN FRANCISCO, July 16 (Xinhua) -- Researchers have uncovered the exoskeleton of an insect in a piece of Baltic amber about 50 million years old, suggesting that the insect was frightened out of its skin as it was about to become forever entombed by oozing tree sap.
The findings, published in the recent issue of Fungal Biology by George Poinar, Jr., a researcher in the College of Science at Oregon State University (OSU) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and an international expert in ancient life forms found in amber, also involved the first mushroom that has ever been found in Baltic amber.
""From what we can see in this fossil, a tiny mushroom was bitten off, probably by a rodent, at the base of a tree,"" Poinar said.
""An insect, similar to a walking stick, was probably also trying to feed on the mushroom. It appears to have immediately jumped out of its skin and escaped, just as tree sap flowed over the remaining exoskeleton and a hair left behind by the fleeing rodent.""
Plants, insects and other material found in amber deposits offer details about ancient ecosystems, Poinar was quoted as saying by an OSU news release.
But on rare occasions such as this, as the amber came from near the Baltic Sea in what is now Germany, Poland, Russia and Scandinavia, they also show the interactions and ecology between different life forms and are invaluable in helping scientists to reconstruct the nature of ecosystems in the distant past.
The amber was formed, beginning as a viscous tree sap, in a large subtropical coniferous forest across much of northern Europe that lasted about 10 million years.
The exoskeleton seen in the amber is extremely fresh and shows filaments that would have disappeared if it had been shed very long before being covered by amber, Poinar said. The insect species is now extinct, as is the mushroom in the fossil.
In a climate much warmer than exists there today, the early angiosperms, or flowering plants, were starting to displace the gymnosperms, or cone-bearing evergreens that had previously been dominant.
""The tiny insect in this fossil was a phasmid, one of the kinds of insects that uses its shape to resemble sticks or leaves as a type of camouflage,"" Poinar said. ""It would have shed its skin repeatedly before reaching adulthood, in a short lifespan of a couple months.""
""In this case,"" he noted, ""the ability to quickly get out of its skin, along with being smart enough to see a problem coming, saved its life.""
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MELBOURNE Jack Conklin Jersey , March 8 (Xinhua) -- Tennis Australia has expressed its "surprise" to learn that 2008 Australian Open champion and five-time Grand Slam winner Maria Sharapova failed a drug test during the 2016 Australian Open.
In a statement released on Tuesday, Australia's highest tennis body acknowledged the drug test was failed at its tournament, and said Sharapova was "ready" to face any consequences of her actions.
"We are surprised by today's news that Maria Sharapova tested positive to a banned substance during the Australian Open Jonnu Smith Jersey ," the statement read.
"Throughout her career Maria has always impressed with her professionalism as a leader and role-model in our sport. In her press conference Maria said she is prepared to face the consequences of what she describes as a huge mistake."
The 28-year-old revealed on Tuesday that she had indeed failed a drug test at the Open, the Russian star explained that a drug she had been prescribed for a pre-existing condition for up to a decade, Meldonium Taywan Taylor Jersey , was added to a banned substance list on January 1, and she had "not known".
"For 10 years this medicine was not on the banned list, and I had been legally taking it Adoree' Jackson Jersey ," Sharapova said.
Sportswear company Nike has already terminated its long-running sponsorship of Sharapova, and said it was "saddened and surprised" by the news.
"We have decided to suspend our relationship with Maria while the investigation continues," Nike's statement read.
Tennis Australia also reiterated its commitment to stamping out performance enhancing drugs within its sport.
"Tennis Australia is a long-time signatory to the Tennis Anti-Doping Program (TADP) and as such supports the TADP processes and outcomes Corey Davis Jersey ," the statement read.
The news has already caused shockwaves among the Australian tennis community, tennis commentator Renae Stubbs tweeted that she was "shocked" by the news, while current Australian men's player Matthew Ebden was skeptical of Sharapova's reasoning.
"Doesn't look that innocent for Sharapova or whoever else took it Marcus Mariota Jersey , this Meldonium stuff but who knows?" he told social media website Twitter.
Leading sports commentators have revealed Sharapova is likely to face either a one or two year ban in place of a possible four-year ban for the "mistake", which is still under review by world doping authorities.
Sharapova will be provisionally suspended from ITF competition from March 12.
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