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Shanghai's iconic Oriental Pearl TV Tower turned blue yesterday to mark the World Autism Awareness Day.


Blue is the color to raise awareness of autism and a global Light It Up Blue campaign was launched yesterday. Blue ribbons were also seen on the city taxis’ rearview mirrors.


Shanghai also established a Blue Ocean Club Cheap Xabi Alonso Jersey , the nation’s first database facility for people with autism. The club will arrange lectures and support for families with autistic patients and conduct research on screening, intervention and treatment for people with the disorder.


Awareness and care for children with autism are way short in China.


“China lacks professionals on autism diagnosis and treatment and there is no big-scale study on the disorder Cheap Tom Starke Jersey ,” said Dr Wang Yi, vice president of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University.


“There is rarely early screening and intervention on children with autism in the country. There is an urgent need to set up a network to enhance professional training and give support and direction to patients and their families.”


Autism is a disorder of neural development that impairs social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication and repetitive or stereotyped behavior. The diagnostic criteria requires that symptoms become apparent before a child is three years old.


“Children with autism have no interest in people Cheap Timothy Tillman Jersey , they won’t smile, won’t communicate and don’t make eye contact with you Cheap Thomas Muller Jersey ,” Dr Xu Xiu, the director of child health department at Children’s Hospital of Fudan University Cheap Thiago Alcantara Jersey , told Shanghai Daily yesterday. “Some may even lose words all their lives.”


“My 10-year-old girl was always absent-minded when she looked at people. When she was one year old, she could not learn to speak and walk Cheap Sven Ulreich Jersey ,” a woman, surnamed Wang Cheap Sebastian Rudy Jersey , said.


According to American Center for Disease Control and Prevention last year, there is one autistic child in every 88 American children. The annual medical cost on autism is US$5 billion in the US.


In Shanghai Cheap Ron Thorben Hoffmann Jersey , there are an estimated 10,000 children with autism.


The city was the first in the country to offer rehabilitation and education to disabled children including those with autism that covered pre-school and mandatory education.

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WASHINGTON， June 2 (Xinhua) -- Dogs may have been domesticated not once， as widely believed， but twice， once in Europe and once in Central Asia or China， a major study said Thursday.


Scientists have debated where domestic dogs come from for a very long time. Some argued that humans first domesticated wolves in Europe， while others claimed this happened in Central Asia or China.


All these claims， according to the new study published in the U.S. journal Science， may be right.


The study， supported by funding from the European Research Council and Britain's Natural Environment Research Council， said that man's best friend may have emerged independently from two separate， possibly now extinct， wolf populations that lived on opposite sides of the Eurasian continent.


The team， led by the University of Oxford and including French researchers based in Lyon and at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris， made the conclusion after reconstructing the evolutionary history of dogs.


They first sequenced the genome of a 4，800-year-old medium-sized dog from bone excavated at the Neolithic Passage Tomb of Newgrange， Ireland.


Then， they obtained mitochondrial DNA from 59 ancient dogs living between 14，000 to 3，000 years ago and compared them with the genetic signatures of more than 2，500 previously studied modern dogs.


Their analyses revealed a genetic separation between modern dog populations currently living in East Asia and Europe， one they said occurred several thousand years after the first known appearance of dogs in Europe.


The new genetic evidence also showed a population decline in Europe that appeared to have mostly replaced the earliest domestic dog population there， which supported the evidence that there was a later arrival of dogs from elsewhere.


Lastly， a review of the archaeological record showed that early dogs appeared in both the East and West more than 12，000 years ago， but in Central Asia no earlier than 8，000 years ago.


Combined， these new findings led the researchers to believe that dogs were first domesticated from geographically separated wolf populations on opposite sides of the Eurasian continent.


At some point after their domestication， the eastern dogs dispersed with migrating humans into Europe where they mixed with and mostly replaced the earliest European dogs.


Most dogs today are a mixture of both Eastern and Western dogs -- one reason why previous genetic studies have been difficult to interpret， they said.


The international project is currently analyzing thousands of ancient dogs and wolves to test this new perspective， and to establish the timing and location of the origins of our oldest pet.


""Animal domestication is a rare thing and a lot of evidence is required to overturn the assumption that it happened just once in any species，"" senior author Greger Larson， professor of the Oxford University， said in a statement.


""Our ancient DNA evidence， combined with the archaeological record of early dogs， suggests that we need to reconsider the number of times dogs were domesticated independently，"" he said.


""Maybe the reason there hasn't yet been a consensus about where dogs were domesticated is because everyone has been a little bit right，"" he added. Enditem

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By Christine Lagat


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