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SAN FRANCISCO Nike Hyperadapt Noir Pas Cher , June 5 (Xinhua) -- A team of astronomers has obtained what they say the most detailed radio map yet of the atmosphere of Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system.


By using the upgraded Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) radio astronomy observatory in New Mexico to measure radio emissions from Jupiter's atmosphere in wavelength bands where clouds are transparent, the astronomers have revealed the massive movement of ammonia gas that underlies the colorful bands www.hyperadaptpascher.fr , spots and whirling clouds visible to the naked eye.


Reporting in the latest issue of the journal Science, published on June 3, the researchers say they were able to see as deep as 100 kilometers below the cloud tops nike hyperadapt pas cher , as they measured the amount of absorption of thermal radio emissions by ammonia gas.


"We in essence created a three-dimensional picture of ammonia gas in Jupiter's atmosphere, which reveals upward and downward motions within the turbulent atmosphere," said principal author Imke de Pater nike hyperadapt france , a professor of astronomy at University of California, Berkeley, adding that the map bears a striking resemblance to visible-light images taken by amateur astronomers and the Hubble Space Telescope.


The observations were made over the entire frequency range between 4 and 18 gigahertz nike hyperadapt achat , or wavelength between 1.7 and 7 centimeters. And the spatial resolution of the map, 1,300 kilometers Homme John Elliott X Nike Vandal High Noir Pas Cher , is the best ever achieved.


The map shows ammonia-rich gases rising into and forming the planet's upper cloud layers: an ammonium hydrosulfide cloud at a temperature near 200 degrees Kelvin, or about minus 73 degrees Celsius; and an ammonia-ice cloud in the cold air of about 160 degrees Kelvin, or minus 113 degrees Celsius. It also shows ammonia-poor air sinking into the planet Femme Nike Epic React Flyknit Grise Blanche Pas Cher , and ammonia-poor hotspots that encircle the planet like a belt just north of the equator.


"With radio, we can peer through the clouds and see that those hotspots are interleaved with plumes of ammonia rising from deep in the planet, tracing the vertical undulations of an equatorial wave system Homme Nike React Hyperdunk Flyknit Noir Rouge Pas Cher ," said Michael Wong, a UC Berkeley research astronomer and a co-author of the study.


The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Juno spacecraft is scheduled to arrive at Jupiter on July 4 and measure the amount of water in the deep atmosphere where the VLA observatory looked for ammonia. Noting that her team will observe Jupiter with the VLA at the same time as Juno's microwave instruments are probing for water, de Pater said "maps like ours can help put their data into the bigger picture of what's happening in Jupiter's atmosphere."


Built in 1973 through 1980 with 27 radio telescopes Homme Nike Flex 2018 RN Blanche Noir Pas Cher , each with a 25-meter antenna, in a Y-shaped array, the VLA observatory received an upgrade that lasted a decade and improved its sensitivity by a factor of 10.




by Matt Walsh


CANBERRA， Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- A price hike for private health insurance is "absolutely" going to hurt everyday Australians， Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said Friday， after the nation's health minister approved an increase to health cover premiums of almost 5 percent from April 1.


The 4.84 percent increase comes after a cumulative increase of around 28 percent since 2012， and will result in families paying an additional 200 Australian dollars (150 U.S. dollars) - up to approximately 4，500 Australian dollars annually - for 'top level' cover， while singles will pay an additional 100 Australian dollars per year.


Turnbull said while the latest increase will "absolutely" hurt everyday Australians who choose to stick by their private health insurer， it was up to individuals to decide whether or not they continue to take up private health cover.


"That's a judgement they have to form on their own situation，" Turnbull told Macquarie radio on Friday.


"My council would be that people should stay in private health insurance but people have to make their own decisions. But I would certainly encourage people to do so.


"The cost will be on average an extra two dollars per week for singles and four dollars for families."


"This rise (of 4.8 percent) is lower than each and every year under Labor governments but it is nonetheless at a time when household budgets are tight， every additional cost hurts."


"Containing health costs is critically important."


Turnbull said there were "a number of factors" for the increase， including labor wages and the cost of researching， purchasing and implementing new and improved healthcare technology.


"Obviously labor costs are increasing， but so is an increase in technology. We're spending more money on health technology and more money on prosthesis， implants， hip replacements， knees，" Turnbull said.


In the government's official statement released on Friday， Health Minister Greg Hunt said this year's rise was inevitable， but the government aim to "get better value" for Australian families next year.


"I realize cost of living pressures are a major concern for Australian families. Although this is the lowest increase in a decade， I am determined that more can be done to get better value for families，" Hunt said in a statement.


"As the new Health Minister， I will work with insurers over the next year to find ways insurers can deliver more value for customers without compromising on the quality of cover."


The opposition criticized Hunt's approval of the price rise. Opposition health spokeswoman Catherine King said it was hard to justify a price hike when， last year， the Private Health Insurance Ombudsman received more than 4，400 complaints - a 30 percent increase on the previous year.


"Australians are paying more than ever for their private health insurance but they are getting less and less， and the Liberals have done absolutely nothing to help families with the costs of health，" King said.


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